Track 1: Nephrology Medicine

The field of internal medicine known as nephrology focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of illnesses of the excretory organ. Because the excretory organ performs so many critical duties, nephrologists are well-versed not only in treating basic excretory organ diseases, but also in dealing with the long-term effects of excretory organ dysfunction. A primary role of nephrologists is to have a thorough understanding of the role of the kidneys in various general diseases (such as redness or heart failure), and because of the central role of the excretory organ in maintaining vital sign, nephrologists also have experience managing cardiovascular disease, particularly when it is difficult to manage. Nephrologists assist in the management of fluid, solution, and acid-base abnormalities, particularly those that arise in advanced renal disease. The oversight of qualitative analysis (including dialysis and serosa dialysis) in patients requiring excretory renal replacement medical treatment, as well as involvement in the excretory organ transplant procedure, is a critical duty of medicine.

• End-Stage Renal Disease in Emergency Medicine (ESRD)
• Chronic Kidney Disease
• Hydronephrosis

Track 2: Pediatric Nephrology

Pediatric medicine is a subspecialty of medicine that focuses on identifying and treating children with excretory organ problems. several types of excretory organ infections, such as paediatrics Bright's disease is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous substance characterised by apathy toward religion and a relentless trajectory marked by essential suspicion and mortality as a result of the disorder's complications and treatment. Acute excretory organ damage (AKI) is a common consequence in paediatric and neonatal medical care facilities where urinary organ replacement medical assistance (RRT) is commonly used in children whose supportive medical aid isn't up to par to meet the metabolic needs. Because of the procedure's simplicity, serosa chemical analysis is increasingly popular among children undergoing urinary organ replacement. In most cases of paediatric end-stage urinary organ disease, serosa chemical analysis is preferred since it can be performed at home.

• Renal Dysplasia is a condition that affects the kidneys.
• Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Disease (ARPD) is an autosomal recessive polycystic disease that (ARPKD)
• Glomerulosclerosis with Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
• The Alport Syndrome is a condition in which a person

Track 3: Clinical Nephrology

The medical treatment of urinary organ illnesses and disorders is a clinical medical specialty. This could mean working on other parts of the body that are affected by the kidneys. Urinary organ problems produce blood solution imbalances, resulting in significant symptoms such as excess fluid in the tissues, cognitive impairment, and irregular heartbeat. Clinical medical specialties can also help patients with high force per unit area, which can be damaging to the kidneys as a result of high blood pressure. Clinical medicine is a subspecialty of medicine that deals with the analysis of the functioning of the common urine organ, issues with urinary organ functioning, and treatment of urinary organ dysfunction that differs from the norm. Urinary organ transplantation as well as urinary organ transplant procedures are discussed. Various ailments affecting the urinary organ area unit common occurrences that are not unnatural to the organ itself, and should be treated with caution. Purchased disorders, such as general vasculitides and system diseases, lupus, and innate or hereditary ailments, such as polycystic urinary organ diseases, are included in the illustrations.

• Advances in the Nephrology
• Kidney glomerulus podocyte
• Renal Plexus
• Gene and protein expression

Track 4: Kidney Transplantation

Kidney transplantation is an operation that places a healthy excretory organ in your body. The transplanted excretory organ takes over the work of the 2 kidneys that unsuccessful, therefore you not would like excretory organ analysis. throughout a transplant, the Dr. places the new excretory organ in your lower abdomen and connects the artery and vein of the new excretory organ to your artery and vein. Often, the new excretory organ can begin creating wee-wee as presently as your blood starts flowing through it. however typically it takes many weeks to begin operating. Several transplanted kidneys return from donors WHO have died. Some return from a living loved one. The expect a brand new excretory organ is long. A operating transplanted excretory organ will a far better job of filtering wastes and keeping you healthy than qualitative analysis. However, a excretory organ transplant isn’t for everybody. Your doctor could tell you that you’re not healthy enough for transplant surgery. A operating transplanted excretory organ will a far better job of filtering wastes and keeping you healthy than qualitative analysis.

• Immunosuppressive Agents
• HLA and ABO
• Robotic Kidney Transplant
• Cyclosporine

Track 5: Surgery for Renal Diseases

The kidneys square measure 2 bean-shaped organs whose perform is important to life. The kidneys square measure set on either aspect of the spine behind the abdominal organs and below the skeletal structure. The kidneys perform many major functions. Filtration of the blood to get rid of waste merchandise from traditional body functions, passing the waste from the body as piss, and returning water and chemicals back to the body as necessary, Regulation of the pressure level by emotional many hormones, Stimulation of production of red blood cells by emotional the secretion glycoprotein. The kidneys turn out piss, that is then carried to the bladder by the ureters. The bladder is a entrepot for the piss. Once the body senses that the bladder is full, the piss is excreted from the bladder through the channel.

• Hemodialysis
• Peritoneal dialysis
• Kidney transplant
• Conservative management

Track 6: Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic renal disorder, additionally referred to as chronic nephrosis, describes the gradual loss of excretory organ operate. Your kidneys filter wastes and excess fluids from your blood, that are then excreted in your excrement. or symptoms. Chronic renal disorder might not become apparent till your excretory organ operate is considerably impaired. Treatment for chronic renal disorder focuses on deceleration the progression of excretory organ harm, typically by dominant the underlying cause. Chronic renal disorder will reach end-stage nephrosis, that is fatal while not artificial filtering (dialysis) or a excretory organ transplant. Chronic happens once a disease or condition impairs excretory organ operate, inflicting excretory organ harm to worsen over many months or years. once chronic renal disorder reaches a complicated stage, dangerous levels of fluid, electrolytes and wastes will build up in your body. within the early stages of chronic renal disorder, you'll have few signs.

• Polycystic kidney disease
• Kidney infections
• Glomerulonephritis
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Track 7: Nephrology Nursing

Nephrology Nursing refers to the branch of medicine involved with the study and treatment of the total spectrum of diseases that may afflict the kidneys. Certified medicine nurses ar skilled medical professionals WHO apply their specialised information of renal disorder and connected systems to the care of renal disorder patients and at-risk patients during a form of medical settings. Operating to each stop illness and supply continued support to patients and their families, medicine nurses give care through all points of renal disorder progression. skilled organizations serving the medicine nursing community ar centered on establishing standards within the specialty and advocating for medicine nurse problems within the larger political arena. The epidemic of renal disorder impacts several vulnerable patient communities and age teams, and medicine associations are significantly effective in musical performance patient, community, and over-arching care system problems.

• Clinical Nurse Specialist   
• Hemodialysis Nurse
• Nurse Educator
• Kidney care support services

Track 8: Cardio Renal Failure

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) ordinarily happens throughout treatment of acute decompensated heart disease (ADHF) and is related to poor clinical outcome. The pathophysiology of CRS entails a posh interaction between hemodynamic alterations, as well as reduced nephritic intromission, accumulated blood pressure and activation of multiple Neurohormonal systems. tries to effectively treat congestion whereas conserving nephritic operate in ADHF square measure usually met with restricted clinical success and infrequently need therapeutic selections that mirror a compromise between potential edges and hurt. Cardio nephritic syndromes (CRS) are divided into 5 syndromes representing clinical vignettes during which each the center and therefore the excretory organ square measure concerned in bidirectional injury and disfunction via a final common pathway of cell-to-cell death and accelerated necrobiosis mediate by a spread of mechanisms as well as anaemia, inflammation, and aerophilous injury.

• Acute cardio renal syndrome
• Pathophysiology
• Congestion in the cardio-renal
• Cardiorenal versus Reno cardiac syndrome

Track 9: Renal Nutrition & Metabolism

Renal nutrition will be outlined as a diet prescribed in chronic nephrosis and that is meant to regulate the intake of macromolecule, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, and fluids. The principal sources of energy area unit carbohydrates and fats. macromolecule intake is limited; and is sometimes provided from milk, eggs, and meat. Bread, Cereals, pasta, and rice area unit the first sources of calories. The diet could also be nutritionally inadequate and will be supplemented with vitamins and electrolytes. Diet and nutrition area unit necessary a part of living well with nephropathy. Patients United Nations agency area unit stricken by nephropathy ought to be additional involved concerning their diet and will follow the special dietary plans. Diet arrange can vary consistent with the stage of nephropathy. analysis of food intake, significantly macromolecule intake is monitored at an everyday periodic interval to confirm the daily intake of macromolecule that is very important half permanently quality of life. Since chemical analysis patient follow special diet arrange, their diet could miss many vitamins. chemical analysis additionally removes some vitamins from the body. The treating doctor should inflict aliment tablets specially created for nephropathy patients.

• Protein Equivalent of Nitrogen Appearance (PNA)
• Renal Osteodystrophy
• Evaluation of Nutritional Status
• Hyperlipidemia

Track 10: Urinary Tract Infection

A tract infection could result once bacterium become unfree in excrement that pools on top of a blockage. once stones block the tract for an extended time, excrement backs up within the tubes within the urinary organ, inflicting excessive pressure that may cause the urinary organ to swell (hydronephrosis) and eventually harm it. AN organ that comes underneath urogenital medicine is kidneys, adrenal glands, urethra, female internal reproductive organ and male sex organ. Common sickness consists of UTI, Urinary Stones, enuresis, benign endocrine gland dysplasia. the foremost common explanation for infection is E. coli aside from bacterium fungi can even cause the infection. identification to those infections encompasses few tests like uranalysis, excrement research. Analysis procedure differs to the aged folks and it conjointly troublesome. though urogenital system has natural defense to the current infection typically it fails to encounter. Remedy to the current infection is antibiotics. anodyne is prescribed and that helps in decreasing burning sensation and urgency usually felt throughout bladder infection. concerning one hundred fifty million folks develop tract infection every year. ladies area unit a lot of infected than male.

• Urethritis
• Pyelonephritis
• Disorders of Urination
• Urinary Tract Stones

Track 11: Diabetic Nephropathy & Hypertension

Diabetic nephrosis is characterised by cardiovascular disease, progressive proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and decline in capillary vessel filtration rate (GFR) resulting in ESRD. cardiovascular disease within the setting of polygenic disease is outlined as a pulse force per unit area force per unit area mmHg or a pulsation force per unit area force per unit area mmHg. associate elevated urinary simple protein excretion rate, exaggerated force per unit area (BP), and a continuous loss of excretory organ operate ar characteristics of DN. Screening for small proteinuria is central to polygenic disease care, and antihypertensive drug agents ar used for the first interference and treatment of DN. Angiotensin-converting accelerator inhibitors and angiotonin receptor blockers play central roles and have protecting properties on the far side their BP-lowering effects. BP management in relevancy DN is that the main focus of this review, however tight management of the aldohexose level is equally vital.

• Hypertension Management
• Pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy
• Hypertension-Clinical and Experimental Models
• Diabetic Nephropathy–Biomarkers of Disease

Track 12: Dialysis

The kidneys are answerable for filtering waste merchandise from the blood. Chemical analysis could be a procedure that's a substitute for several of the traditional functions of the kidneys. a man-made urinary organ (hemodialyzer) is employed to get rid of waste and further chemicals and fluid from your blood. to urge your blood into the bogus urinary organ, the doctor has to create Associate in Nursing access (entrance) into your blood vessels. This can be done by surgical process to your arm or leg. If your kidneys have failing, you ought to have chemical analysis treatments for your whole life unless you're ready to get a urinary organ transplant. lifetime on chemical analysis will vary looking on your alternative medical conditions and the way well you follow your treatment arrange. Average lifetime on chemical analysis is 5-10 years; but, several patients have lived well on chemical analysis for twenty or perhaps thirty years. Confer with your attention team concerning the way to pay attention of yourself and keep healthy on chemical analysis.

• Intestinal Dialysis
• Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (IPD)
• Nocturnal Haemodialysis
• Kidney Dialysis Prognosis

Track 13: Renal Cancers and Diseases

The urinary organ Cancer is additionally known as as urinary organ Cancer. And it's a unwellness during which urinary organ cells become malignant (cancerous) and grows out of management, forming a growth. most urinary organ cancers 1st seem within the lining of small tubes (tubules) within the urinary organ. this sort of urinary organ cancer is named urinary organ cell cancer. The kidneys square measure 2 bean-shaped organs, every concerning the scale of a manus. They belong your lower abdomen on all sides of your spine. Their main job is to wash your blood, removing waste merchandise and creating water. the various varieties of urinary organ cancer (such as RCC and TCC) develop in several ways that, that means that the diseases have totally different long run outcomes, and want to be staged and treated in several ways that. RCC is answerable for more or less eightieth of primary urinary organ cancers, and TCC accounts for the bulk of the rest. Researchers have conjointly known alternative factors that seem to extend the chance of developing each urinary organ and shift cell urinary organ cancers.

• Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer
• Contemporary Management
• Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy
• Renal abnormalities

Track 14: Mineral and Bone Disorders      

Mineral and bone disorder in chronic nephropathy (CKD) happens once broken kidneys and abnormal secretion levels cause metal and phosphorus levels in a very person's blood to be out of balance. Mineral and bone disorder ordinarily happens in individuals with CKD and affects most of the people with renal disorder receiving qualitative analysis. Chronic nephropathy is urinary organ injury that happens slowly over a few years, typically because of polygenic disorder or high pressure level. Once broken, the kidneys can’t filter blood as they ought to. This injury will cause wastes to create up within the body and alternative issues which will damage a person’s health, as well as mineral and bone disorder. The kidneys play a vital role in maintaining healthy bone mass and structure by equalisation phosphorus and metal levels within the blood. Healthy kidneys activate a type of cholecarciferol that someone consumes in food, turning it into calcitriol, the active type of the victuals. Calcitriol helps the kidneys maintain blood metal levels and promotes the formation of bone. The kidneys conjointly take away additional phosphorus, serving to balance phosphorus and metal levels within the blood. Keeping the right level of phosphorus within the blood helps maintain sturdy bones.

• Metabolic bone disease
• Renal osteodystrophy
• CKD-Mineral and Bone Disorder
• Disorders of phosphorus metabolism

Track 15: Urology

Urology could be a a part of health care that deals with diseases of the male and feminine tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra). It conjointly deals with the male organs that ar able to build babies (penis, testes, scrotum, prostate, etc.). Since health issues in these body elements will happen to everybody, urologic health is vital. medical specialty is understood as a surgical specialty. Besides surgery, associate medical specialist could be a doctor showing wisdom of medicine, pediatrics, gynaecology and different elements of health care. this can be as a result of associate medical specialist encounters a good vary of clinical issues. The tract is your body’s system for removing excretion. excretion consists of wastes and water. The tract includes your kidneys, ureters, and bladder. To urinate usually, the tract has to work along within the correct order. Urologic diseases or conditions embody tract infections, urinary organ stones, bladder management issues, and prostate issues, among others. Some urologic conditions last solely a brief time, whereas others are long.

• Urology Practice Management
• Clinical Urology
• Pediatric Urology
• Cancers of the Kidney and Genitourinary Tract

Track 16: Kidney and Bladder Stones

Stones square measure a lot of common among folks with sure disorders (for example, adenosis, dehydration, and urinary organ cannular acidosis) and among folks World Health Organizationse diet is incredibly high in animal-source macromolecule or water-soluble vitamin or who don't consume enough water or Ca. people that have a case history of stone formation square measure a lot of possible to possess Ca stones and to possess them a lot of typically. people that have undergone surgery for weight loss (bariatric surgery) may additionally be at raised risk of stone formation. Stones, particularly small ones, might not cause any symptoms. Stones within the bladder could cause pain within the lower abdomen. Stones that hinder the canal or cavity or any of the kidney’s voidance tubes could cause back pain or pain. pain is characterised by associate degree torturous intermittent pain, typically within the space between the ribs and hip that spreads across the abdomen and infrequently extends to the reproductive organ space. The pain tends to come back in waves, step by step increasing to peak intensity, then attenuation, over concerning twenty to hour. The pain could radiate down the abdomen toward the groin or bollock or female genitals.

• Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
• Calcium phosphate stones
• Inhibitors of stone formation
• Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)

Track 17: Nursing and Health Care

Nursing may be a aid profession, that focuses caring for people Associate in Nursingd their families so as to assist them endure an ill health and maintain optimum quality of life. Nursing science may be a basic science that deals with the multiple aspects of nursing such as: nurse patient interaction, nursing theories, models, and methodologies. Nursing and aid science ar elaborately coupled as each take care of the accomplishment of optimum patient health. aid sciences ar complete subjects, that embody studies in an exceedingly sort of disciplines like, physiotherapy, therapy, and health political economy. aid science encompasses a good vary of skills right from tissue analysis to medical illustration; but, it's commonly divided into 3 broad categories: life sciences, physiological sciences, and clinical engineering and physical sciences. Nursing may be a a part of health care wherever they primarily focus on the care of the individual and their families to boost their quality of life and forestall ill health or injury to life. Nurses develop the set up of care in an exceedingly relationship with the doctors, patients and their families. They coordinate with the multidisciplinary health groups to boost the standard of care.

• Health Care and Management
• Rehabilitation Nursing
• Surgical Nursing
• Kidney Cancer & Tumor Nursing

Track 18: Kidney Cancer

Kidneys square measure a part of your urinary apparatus. This technique filters waste product out of the blood and makes pee. The kidneys square measure 2 bean-shaped organs, every concerning an equivalent size as a paw. They’re close to the center of your back, one on either facet of your spine. within the urinary organ little networks of tubes referred to as nephrons filter the blood. As blood passes through the nephrons all unwanted waste is moved out. Chemicals that your body desires square measure unbroken or came to the blood. concerning ninetieth of urinary organ cancers (9 out of 10) square measure urinary organ cell cancers. urinary organ cancer sometimes solely affects one urinary organ. Urinary organ cancer becomes a lot of probably as you age. Risk factors embrace smoking, having bound genetic conditions, and misusing pain medicines for an extended time. Treatment depends on your age, your overall health and the way advanced the cancer is. it would embrace surgery, therapy, or radiation, biologic, or targeted therapies. biological medical aid boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer. Targeted medical aid uses substances that attack cancer cells while not harming traditional cells.

• Inhibitors of stone formation
• Ulcerative colitis
• Supersaturation of urine
• Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)

Track 19: Nephrology & Therapeutics

Nephrology may be a branch of general medicine and medical specialty that deals with the functioning of urinary organ, whereas discussing urinary organ diseases, preventive and therapeutic measures in overcoming them. medical specialty conjointly deals with the diagnosing and treatment of assorted urinary organ diseases, that specifically includes solution disturbances and cardiovascular disease, and therefore the care of these those who need a excretory organ replacement medical care, which incorporates qualitative analysis and excretory organ transplant patients. medical specialty as a discipline arose from descriptive studies of childhood urinary tract infection. the design of traditional urinary organ feature worries with the urinary organ problems, treatment of urinary organ issues. excretory organ replacement medical care includes qualitative analysis and urinary organ transplantation. The kidneys ar a few of chromatic -crimson structures placed retro-peritoneal on the posterior wall of the abdomen from the twelfth vertebra to the third vertebra like excretory organ eater and excretory organ girdle section Kidneys play a significant role which incorporates filtration, re-absorption & excretion of metabolic waste merchandise like carbamide and ammonium ion, regulation blood stress, balance, and RBC production at intervals the body that create a lively form of ergocalciferol helps in maintaining bone health.

• Diuretic resistance: physiology and therapeutics
• Impact of genetic polymorphisms
• Tubulointerstitial fibrosis
• Nephrotic syndrome

Track 20: Diagnosis of Kidney Disease

As a primary step toward designation of uropathy, your doctor discusses your personal and case history with you. Among alternative things, your doctor may raise questions about whether or not you have been diagnosed with high pressure, if you have taken a medicine that may have an effect on excretory organ perform, if you have noticed changes in your urinary habits, and whether or not you've got any members of the family United Nations agency have uropathy. reckoning on the underlying cause, some kinds of uropathy are often treated. Often, though, chronic uropathy has no cure. Treatment typically consists of measures to assist management signs and symptoms, cut back complications, and slow progression of the malady. If your kidneys become severely broken, you will want treatment for end-stage uropathy. uropathy complications are often controlled to create you lighter.

• Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
• Calcium-Channel Blockers
• Complex Vascular Access Surgery
• Laparoscopic